Central Venous Pressure (CVP): Measurement and Interpretation

Introduction

Central venous pressure (CVP) is a measurement of the pressure within the vena cava, a large blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart. CVP reflects the filling pressure of the heart and can be used to assess the volume status of a patient.

Measurement of CVP

CVP is typically measured using a central venous catheter, a thin tube that is inserted into the internal jugular vein. The catheter is advanced until it reaches the superior vena cava, the large vein that drains blood from the head and arms. The pressure within the catheter is then measured using a manometer.

Normal CVP Values

The normal range for CVP is 5-10 cmH₂O (2-6 mm Hg). A CVP below 5 cmH₂O may indicate hypovolemia, or low blood volume, while a CVP above 10 cmH₂O may indicate hypervolemia, or high blood volume.

Clinical Significance of CVP

CVP is a useful clinical parameter for assessing the volume status of a patient. It can be used to guide fluid management in patients with congestive heart failure, renal failure, and other conditions that affect fluid balance.

Disorders Associated with Abnormal CVP

*

Hypovolemia (low CVP): Severe bleeding, dehydration, burns, sepsis

*

Hypervolemia (high CVP): Congestive heart failure, renal failure, fluid overload

Conclusion

CVP is a valuable clinical tool for assessing the volume status of a patient. Normal CVP ranges from 5 to 10 cmH₂O. Changes in CVP can help identify underlying medical conditions and guide treatment decisions.